Escape to the Shade

Whew!  We just endured a stretch of days so hot, even a nature-nut like me did not want to leave the air-conditioned comfort of my home.  But then a Facebook Memory post showed me how gorgeous the flowers were LAST year this week on a Rosebay Rhododendron shrub at Orra Phelps Nature Preserve in nearby Wilton.  Ooh!  Could I manage to push through the muggy heat just to see if it's blooming now? OK, I told myself, let's go see.

At least the green and shady woods at Orra Phelps Nature Preserve LOOKED cool. (Even though it wasn't.)

And the Little Snook Kill that runs through this preserve helped to add to the image of coolness.

And look! A streamside Purple Flowering Raspberry vine (Rubus odoratus) was beautifully in bloom.

Its big beautiful flowers give evidence that this fruit-bearing vine belongs to the Rose Family.

And sure enough, the Rosebay Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) was blooming right on time!

This is one of our most spectacular native rhododendrons, and well worth a few mosquito bites and my glasses swimming off my nose to feast my eyes on its gorgeous blooms. Although this shrub is native to New York and well distributed across much of the state, I have found it nowhere else in the woods I regularly wander in northeastern Saratoga County.  So I am grateful to the former owner of this preserve, the late noted naturalist Orra Phelps herself, for making sure that this specimen had a home on her property.

I found a few other wildflowers blooming here today,  including shoulder-high plants of Tall Meadow Rue (Thalictrum pubescens) lifting tufts of thread-fine white blossoms.

I was delighted to find the formerly dangling flowers of Indian Cucumber Root (Medeola virginiana) migrating to the top of the plant's terminal tier of leaves, where some of the flowers had already produced the crowning cluster of berries.  The berries are green now, but later will turn a dark blue. 

In a sandier, sunnier part of the preserve I found many tall spears of Spiked Lobelia (Lobelia spicata) bearing their pretty blue florets.

Where damp soil prevailed in a part of the woods, I stopped to admire this spreading patch of delicate scalloped green leaves. . . 

. . . and I bent to peer beneath the leaves and admire the tiny, nearly translucent flowers of Water Pennywort (Hydrocotyle americana) blooming in the leaf axils. Such hidden treasure!

One more treat awaited me as I hurried toward the air-conditioned comfort of my car: this spectacular cluster of tiny bright-orange mushrooms massed on a rotting moss-covered log. Its scientific name is almost as long as its caps can be minute: Xeromphalina campanella, which, roughly translated, means something like "small bells with dry bellybuttons." OK, I guess I can see that.

One of the common names of Xeromphalina campanella is "Fuzzy Foot," referring to the furry-looking cluster of mycelium that forms at the base of the stalks.  When I broke away a sliver of the rotting wood this cluster was growing on, I could see exactly how this fascinating fungus acquired that delightful name.

One more reward for venturing out on this sweltering day. 

Midsummer Along the Powerline

This Common St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) bloomed right on time:  on the Feast of St. John the Baptist (June 24), a date that also relates to the Summer Solstice, the beginning of summer. Because this European-native wildflower's peak bloomtime coincides so closely with both events, it has historically been celebrated across many cultures, with bonfires and festivals and the gathering of garlands to honor beneficial spirits while keeping evil spirits away. Well, my friend Sue Pierce and I have a Summer Solstice tradition all our own, for the blooming of Common St. John's Wort tells us it's time to go look for some other flowers that grow along a familiar powerline above Mud Pond at Moreau Lake State Park.  It's Wood Lily Time Along the Line!

And we were not disappointed!  As soon as we entered the powerline from a small parking area off Spier Falls Road, this cluster of bright-orange blooms met our delighted eyes. The Wood Lily (Lilium philadelphicum) is the native wildflower that truly announces the start of summer for us. And this powerline is where we go each year, in hopes we will find them blooming.

Nearby was another cherished find:  a tangle of native American Climbing Bittersweet vines (Celastrus scandens) that for years had only spread across the ground has produced a vine that has found a trunk to climb on.  Since the non-native invasive species of bittersweet has supplanted most of our native bittersweet, it has become more and more difficult to find this native species anywhere. I have been observing this patch of our native species for over 10 years, but this is the first year I've seen it finally achieving some height. I hope this bodes well for its future. The vines did have terminal clusters of flowers this year, but I fear a late frost might have caused them to fall before they could produce fruit.

Surrounding the mass of bittersweet vines was an abundant patch of Whorled Loosestrife (Lysimachia quadrifolia), each plant bearing whorls of four small yellow flowers in the tiers of four whorled leaves.

As we proceeded down the sandy path that follows the powerline, we were delighted to find a large population of Green Rock Cress (Borodinia missouriensis) along the way.  Although the plants were past blooming, we could easily identify this state-listed Threatened species by its distinctively arching narrow seed pods.

The presence of Green Rock Cress and several other rare and otherwise protected plants along this powerline convinced the management staff of Moreau Lake State Park to request that the power company cease applying herbicide under this limited section of lines, with the park assuming responsibility for the necessary removal of trees that could grow tall and interfere with the lines (See this blogpost from 2022). This has been wonderful for the many native plants that thrive in just this kind of sun-drenched, sandy-soiled habitat, as is now evident by how the woody plants have burgeoned.  As Sue and I continued our way along the path, we sometimes had to push through abundant growths of American Hazelnut shrubs (Corylus americana) that crowded in from both sides.

The hazelnut shrubs were hung with abundant clusters of ripening nuts, their ruffly green bracts sparkling with water droplets left over from the preceding night's rains.

Such sparkling drops of water transformed even the weediest-looking plants into marvels of beauty. (I believe this plant with its whorls of spiky leaves was a species of some kind of lettuce.)

The entire underside of a Spreading Dogbane leaf glittered with crystalline droplets.

The candy-striped Spreading Dogbane flowers (Apocynum androsaemifolium) did not need any sparkling droplets to enhance their beauty.

As the bur-laden stems of Sweet Fern (Comptonia peregrina) brushed against our legs, they released their delightful fragrance.

Descending from the powerline to the shore of Mud Pond, we were amazed to see how low the water had fallen, unusual for this early in summer. The beavers who live in this pond had created wide troughs of deeper water that allowed them to swim around the pond.

Flowering shrubs, such as this Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis), adorned the shore of Mud Pond.

Gray Dogwood (Cornus racemosa)  bore clusters of small white four-petaled flowers.

Returning to the powerline path, we were greeted by this colorful cluster of Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa).  What a punch of brilliant orange! And not even yet fully in bloom!

After ascending a rise to reach a wide meadow-like area, I was struck by a large patch of these strictly upright sporestalks of Running Clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum).

And here was another large patch of plants, and we were certainly delighted to find them.

A whole big bunch of Lowbush Blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium), just loaded with sweet ripe fruit! Time for a little snack. A nice big handful, in fact. Rainwashed and ready to eat. Yum!

These tiny black beetles with pointy rears were enjoying their own rainwashed snack, some nectar and/or pollen of New Jersey Tea flowers (Ceanothus americanus).  Searching Google for "small black bugs that dine on New Jersey Tea flowers," the most likely name that came up was Tumbling Ragdoll Beetles, a species of the Mordella genus. I tested the "tumbling" part of their name by reaching my hand into the blooms, and sure enough, the little beetles did tumble off instead of flying aloft.  Here's a LINK to a wonderful article about such tumbling beetles.

As we neared the road that marked the end of this stretch of powerline, we were sad to not find the numerous Wood Lilies that used to thrive in this flat open area. But since this once-open area is now crowded with oak and pine saplings, it seems the lilies no longer favor it.  Nor will most other sun-loving wildflowers if the woody plants are allowed to grow.  They're not tall enough yet to interfere with the powerlines, but they are well on the way to creating a forested habitat that the very wildflower species we'd hoped to protect from herbicide applications would not favor either. I decided to stop by the park office to raise my concerns. Perhaps a brushhog could mow the area after frost. Or a boyscout troop with saws could be enlisted. I, personally, would be happy to help, too.

I WAS happy to find this plant we always have found here, the unusual species of milkweed called Bluntleaf Milkweed (Asclepias amplexicaulis). Although it, too, was being crowded by sapling pines, and we found fewer plants than in the past.

Here's a closer look at its opening florets.

And yay!  We did find ONE Wood Lily in this area where we once found dozens. I sure hope this won't be the last one we ever find here.

There was one more little treat in store for me today.  We simply crossed Spier Falls Road to where the same powerline continued east, and in the hottest, dryest, sandiest stretch of baked dirt, this charming little flower was blooming away. It's called Dwarf Dandelion (Krigia virginica), but unlike that similarly named lawn weed, this is a native wildflower.  Adorably cute.  I love it.

It's very hard to get the whole plant of Dwarf Dandelion in one photo.  But I did have this nearly successful one in my photos files, and I'm posting it here:

Along the River and Into the Woods

One of the best reasons to join the New York Flora Association is the chance to join expert botanists on forays to some of the richest botanical sites in the state.  On June 14, I enjoyed just such a trip to a remarkable site along the upper Hudson River, the Warren County Fish Hatchery just north of Warrensburg. Our trip leader was the (now-retired) chief botanist of the New York Natural Heritage Program, Steve Young, who took this photo of participants, eager to start exploring a shoreline known to be one of the richest sites for native plants in the state. And we also explored a dense forest teeming with more ferns than we'd ever seen in one place.

Photo by Steve Young

Here's Steve himself (blue and white plaid shirt) helping fellow plant enthusiasts identify some of the shore's fascinating finds.

Just imagine this stretch of the Hudson River shore heaped with enormous piles of a frothy-appearing ice called frazil, the piles so high sometimes that they push well into the riverside forest, toppling trees and not completely melting until well into June.  As a result, this particular stretch of shoreline has acquired the name "Ice Meadows," and the effect of all that weight and that cold has created a habitat distinctively suited to some of our state's rarest and most interesting plants.

Here is a partial list of some of the plants we found this day.

A budding vine of Carrion Flower (Smilax herbacea) with its beautifully curving tendrils and still unopened flower buds. Male and female flowers are carried on separate plants, and both sexes of flowers emit the stench that suggested this native plant's common name, attracting the pollinators that would naturally be drawn to the smell of rotting carrion. Lucky for us, the unopened flower buds remained odor-free!

The beautiful yellow, orange-anthered flower of Canada Frostweed (Crocanthemum canadense), abundant this time of year along these shores. To experience how this flower acquired its vernacular name, visit it after the first sub-freezing days of autumn to see the delicate curls of frosty ice that extrude from the plant's split stems.

Rose Pogonia (Pogonia ophioglossoides), one of our state's prettiest and most abundant native orchids.

A gorgeous and fragrant, low-growing wild rose with a solitary bloom. Our most knowledgeable botanists spent quite some time attempting to ascertain this rose's species.  Was it Rosa carolina? Maybe.  Apparently, wild roses can be difficult to identify for sure.  Ah well, remember Shakespeare's timeless adage, "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet."

In the dampened flats close to the river's edge, the first tiny flowers of Creeping Spearwort (Ranunculus flammula var. reptans) had started to crawl across the mud.

The first time I saw this tall, very erect flowering plant some years ago, I thought it must be some kind of strawberry on steroids.  But no, I learned that this plant was instead Tall Cinquefoil (Drymocallis arguta). But later I learned that strawberries and cinquefoils are actually quite closely related.  Both belong to the Rose Family and the Potentilleae Tribe, making them botanical cousins.  Sorry to say, though, I have never found any juicy sweet berries on this Tall Cinquefoil. Only beautiful flowers.

Another orchid! These Shining Ladies' Tresses (Spiranthes lucida) were just beginning to open their florets enough to display their yellow lower lips, a distinctive trait for this earliest of the Spiranthes species to bloom.

In addition to the many pretty wildflowers that thrive at this site, there are many interesting grass-like plants that grow here, too.   Two sedges are especially remarkable.  This one, called Brown Bog Sedge (Carex buxbaumii), is a Threatened species in New York, and even rarer in most New England states.

This second sedge, called Whip Nut Sedge (Scleria triglomerata), is even rarer throughout the northeast, considered Endangered throughout most of the region.  You could never guess its rarity, from how it thrives abundantly along this stretch of the Hudson.

After a sun-lit morning exploring the river shore and a break for a picnic lunch at a Fish Hatchery pavilion, we set out for a long walk through dense forest, tall trees towering over our heads and providing welcome shade from the afternoon's heat.

In addition to finding those few blooming wildflowers typical of an early-summer, canopy-shaded woods, we were amazed and delighted to walk among vast acres of woodland ferns, more ferns in one place than I have ever experienced.  These tall Ostrich Ferns provided a leafy backdrop to spreading masses of Maidenhair Ferns

I was grateful to a fellow explorer for pointing out to me the distinctive pattern of spore-producing sori on the pinnae of the Maidenhair Ferns.

Ah, but here was the prize of the day:  a majestic specimen of Goldie's Wood Fern (Dryopteris goldieana). This is the largest of our native Dryopteris species and one of the largest of all ferns native to eastern North America.

The presence of this fern is said to be an indication of a mature, undisturbed forest with rich, moist, humus-heavy soils.  Although this species has been reported from nearly every county in New York State, many botanists still consider finding it a cause for celebration. This might have as much to do with the rarity of mature, undisturbed forests as it does with the rarity of the fern itself.  How lucky we are to have such habitats available to us.  And also, to have such generous botanists willing to accompany us to them.  Thanks, Steve Young, for leading us to these remarkable sites and enlarging our knowledge about the inhabitants.  And thanks, too, to our friend and expert botanist Skye Vanderlaan, who found that solitary Goldie's Fern in a forest already full of other remarkable ferns.  What a find! And what a day!